Terms

Block caving method subdividing the orebody into panels to improve cave propagation and control.

Mining method dividing an orebody into panels mined sequentially to improve stability, scheduling and dilution control.

Chemical process where a fuel is partially oxidised to produce synthesis gas (CO + H₂). Used in metallurgical and energy applications.

Mass per unit volume of individual particles, distinct from bulk density. Important in separation processes.

Range and frequency of particle sizes in a sample. Essential for milling, flotation, filtration and product quality.

A single run or phase of drilling without removing the drill string or tool.

Ore with visually distinct mineralisation easily identified by miners, common in historical mining.

Accumulated plant material in wetlands, precursor to coal. Can host heavy mineral placers or influence groundwater models.

Extremely coarse-grained igneous rock hosting rare metals such as lithium, tantalum, niobium and tin. Important for battery supply chains.

Fine iron ore material suitable for pelletising, typically

Process of agglomerating fine iron ore into spherical pellets for blast furnaces or direct reduction plants.

Movement of fluid through porous material, relevant in heap leaching and groundwater flow.