Terms

Rotating cylindrical screen used to classify material by size, common in placer and alluvial mining.

Engineered structure designed for safe, long-term storage of tailings. Includes dams, embankments and water-management systems.

Consolidated volcanic ash. Can host epithermal mineralisation and affect geotechnical properties.

High-density metal used in hardmetals, drilling tools and alloys. Occurs mainly in skarn and vein-type deposits.

Cloudiness of water caused by suspended solids. Affects water treatment and environmental compliance.

Igneous rock with very high magnesium and iron content. Hosts Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide deposits.

Surface separating rocks of different ages, often marking major geological events. Controls some uranium deposits.

Excavation beneath an orebody that initiates caving in block or panel caving methods.

Extraction of ore beneath the surface using shafts, declines, stopes and drifts. Suitable for deep or narrow orebodies.

Geotechnical sample collected with minimal disturbance, preserving natural structure for laboratory analysis.

Ore that has not undergone oxidation. Usually sulphide-rich and requires flotation or sulphide-specific processing.

Directions following the dip of geological structures either upward or downward. Useful for drilling and modelling.