Terms

The economically mineable part of an indicated resource under CRIRSCO/JORC, with lower confidence than proved reserves.

Highest-confidence reserve category under CRIRSCO/JORC, derived from measured resources with detailed modifying factors.

Iron sulphide mineral (FeS₂) commonly associated with gold and base metals. Major contributor to acid mine drainage when oxidised.

Branch of metallurgy employing high temperatures (smelting, roasting, converting) to extract metals from ores.

Magnetic iron sulphide (Fe₁₋ₓS) often associated with nickel sulphide deposits. Reacts strongly in geophysics.

Systems ensuring data accuracy and reliability through standards, blanks, duplicates and certified materials. Essential for resource estimation.

Common rock-forming mineral (SiO₂). Ubiquitous in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and often hosts gold mineralisation.

Fracture filled with quartz, often bearing gold, silver or base-metal mineralisation.

Calcium oxide used in pH control, flotation, neutralisation and cyanide destruction.

Inclined tunnel providing vehicle access to underground workings. Integral to modern underground mines.

Group of 17 elements critical for magnets, electronics, EVs and renewable energy. Occur in carbonatites, ion-adsorption clays and monazite placers.

Percentage of valuable metal in the feed that is captured in the final concentrate or product. Drives economics and plant design.